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Memes, missões e mensagens diretas marcaram uma nova etapa na comunicação eleitoral brasileira. Crédito da foto: Joel Santos/Pexels.


Brazil


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Lula e a Revolução Digital do Voto

WhatsApp, memes e missões transformaram milhões de simpatizantes em uma força política organizada no Brasil.

Na América Latina, onde uma conversa em família pode se transformar em debate político e uma mensagem de WhatsApp percorrer um bairro inteiro em poucos minutos, as campanhas eleitorais encontraram um novo território de disputa: o celular. Nas eleições brasileiras de outubro de 2026, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva voltou a demonstrar que a política não acontece apenas nos palanques, nos debates televisivos ou nas praças públicas. Ela também é construída nas telas, onde milhões de pessoas decidem o que compartilhar, em quem confiar e como participar.

O protagonista inesperado dessa estratégia foi André Janones, deputado e comunicador digital que transformou o canal Exército do Lula em uma enorme rede de mobilização. Segundo a Al Jazeera (2026), o canal passou de cerca de 60 mil seguidores após o primeiro turno para quase 11 milhões às vésperas do segundo. A questão, porém, vai além do crescimento: como ele conseguiu transformar um público disperso em uma comunidade com objetivos compartilhados?

De seguidores a participantes: a gamificação política

O canal havia sido criado meses antes, mas o resultado relativamente desfavorável a Lula no primeiro turno acelerou sua transformação. Janones, que já havia participado da estratégia digital da campanha de 2022, propôs uma dinâmica simples: recrutar simpatizantes, distribuir tarefas e multiplicar as mensagens. Cada participante podia convidar três pessoas, compartilhar vídeos ou impulsionar hashtags. A orientação era deixar de ser espectador e passar a fazer parte ativa da campanha.

A fórmula incorporou elementos da gamificação: missões, metas coletivas, instruções frequentes e sinais visíveis de participação, como emojis de saudação. Embora os seguidores não pudessem responder diretamente no canal, podiam reagir e encaminhar os conteúdos. A comunicação adquiriu um ritmo constante, com mensagens em letras maiúsculas e chamados urgentes à ação. Em vez de apenas pedir votos, a campanha oferecia pequenas tarefas que faziam cada simpatizante sentir-se útil para um objetivo comum.

O mecanismo também respondia a um problema político: a fragmentação das comunidades digitais. Segundo Viktor Chagas, pesquisador citado pela Al Jazeera, o canal reuniu simpatizantes que antes estavam dispersos em diferentes espaços virtuais. Memes, hashtags e instruções coordenadas ajudaram a conectar essas redes. Não se tratava apenas de uma operação para acumular seguidores, mas de uma tentativa de transformar afinidade política em ação organizada, com uma estrutura de divulgação capaz de alcançar pessoas além dos círculos habituais de Lula.

Uma mensagem mais humana e uma disputa pelas plataformas

A estratégia também mudou o tom da candidatura. Em vez de apresentar Lula como uma figura histórica distante, a campanha procurou mostrá-lo em situações cotidianas, com vídeos espontâneos, conversas informais e uma comunicação menos elaborada. A hashtag #SomosTodos9Dedos transformou uma provocação de Flávio Bolsonaro sobre a perda de um dedo de Lula em um sinal de solidariedade ao trabalhador que sofreu um acidente de trabalho. Assim, uma história pessoal tornou-se um símbolo compartilhado.

A mobilização, porém, não ficou livre de conflitos. Em 11 de outubro, o presidente do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE), Kassio Nunes Marques, ordenou a suspensão do canal após uma solicitação da campanha de Flávio Bolsonaro, que denunciou a divulgação de afirmações falsas sobre programas sociais, aposentadorias e declarações atribuídas ao candidato. Janones denunciou censura. Posteriormente, a análise técnica do tribunal não encontrou, nas mensagens examinadas entre 2 e 11 de outubro, reproduções das afirmações específicas investigadas. O canal foi restabelecido, embora o processo também tenha sido condicionado por exigências de registro eleitoral.

A controvérsia continuou. Em 23 de outubro, a Meta informou ao TSE que sua análise técnica não havia identificado violações das políticas do WhatsApp no canal. Essa conclusão não demonstra que todas as mensagens da campanha fossem verdadeiras, mas exige distinguir as acusações políticas das infrações efetivamente verificadas. Também circularam denúncias sobre restrições técnicas que teriam prejudicado publicações de Lula. As informações disponíveis documentam problemas e disputas sobre o funcionamento das plataformas, mas não são suficientes para comprovar uma sabotagem criminosa deliberada por parte da Meta nem um apoio dos Estados Unidos a Flávio por meio dessas supostas manobras.

A força digital e seus limites democráticos

O que a América Latina pode aprender com essa experiência? Em sociedades onde muitas pessoas se informam e conversam pelo celular, as ferramentas digitais podem ampliar a participação política e facilitar o envolvimento de cidadãos sem grandes recursos em uma causa. Na Colômbia, no Brasil e em outros países da região, a capacidade de organizar comunidades virtuais representa uma oportunidade de conectar territórios, dar visibilidade a problemas locais e exigir respostas das autoridades públicas. A tecnologia, entretanto, não substitui a confiança, o debate democrático nem o trabalho comunitário.

Também existem riscos. Mensagens urgentes, memes e instruções em massa podem simplificar debates complexos, alimentar a polarização ou ampliar conteúdos de origem duvidosa. A eficácia de uma campanha não deve ser medida apenas pelo número de seguidores, reações ou visualizações. Como observou André Pagliarini em declarações citadas pela Al Jazeera, é difícil determinar empiricamente quantos votos o canal gerou. A vitória eleitoral e o crescimento da comunidade ocorreram no mesmo período, mas essa coincidência, por si só, não demonstra uma relação de causa e efeito.

A reflexão decisiva começa depois das eleições. A chamada campanha permanente pode manter os simpatizantes mobilizados, mas também transformar a política em um confronto interminável. O verdadeiro desafio consiste em converter a energia digital em participação cidadã contínua, educação midiática, fiscalização democrática e soluções para as comunidades. A América Latina pode aproveitar essas ferramentas para ampliar o diálogo, desde que não confunda viralização com verdade nem mobilização com transformação.

Uma democracia mais forte não se constrói apenas compartilhando mensagens: ela se constrói quando essa voz coletiva consegue melhorar a vida das pessoas.

By Estefanía Muriel for Ruta Pantera on 10/29/2026 8:43:44 AM


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References:
Khandaker, T. (2026, October 27). The WhatsApp 'general' behind Lula's election comeback in Brazil. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/27/the-whatsapp-general-behind-lulas-election-comeback-in-brazil
Martín, M., & Royo Gual, J. (2026, October 27). André Janones, the WhatsApp general who turned Lula's election around. EL PAÍS. https://elpais.com/america/2026-10-27/andre-janones-el-general-de-whatsapp-que-le-dio-la-vuelta-a-la-eleccion-de-lula.html
Richter, A. (2026, October 12). TSE technicians did not find false content on the Exército do Lula channel. Brazil Agency. https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2026-10/tecnicos-do-tse-nao-encontram-conteudo-falso-no-canal-exercito-do-lula
Richter, A. (2026, October 23). Meta tells the TSE that Lula's Army does not violate platform policies. Brazil Agency. https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/justica/noticia/2026-10/meta-diz-ao-tse-que-exercito-do-lula-nao-viola-politicas-da-plataforma
Al Jazeera. (2026, October 26). What will Lula's fourth term mean for Brazil? https://www.aljazeera.com/video/inside-story/2026/10/26/what-will-lulas-fourth-term-mean-for-brazil
Associated Press. (2026, October 26). Lula's win in Brazil bucks a regional shift to the right and denies Trump a powerful ally. APNews. https://apnews.com/article/brazil-election-lula-bolsonaro-trump-sheinbaum-minerals-03308034b03be5e3dd1ee65b9fc9e90d
Chatham House. (2026, October 26; updated October 27). Lula wins Brazil's presidential election; Trump says vote looks 'rigged': Early analysis from Chatham House experts. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2026/10/lula-wins-brazils-presidential-election-bolsonaro-refuses-accept-result-early-analysis
Al Jazeera Staff. (2026, October 26). How did Lula beat Bolsonaro after losing Brazil's first-round election? https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/26/how-did-lula-beat-bolsonaro-after-losing-brazils-first-round-election
Prensa Latina. (2026, October 12). Lula support channel on WhatsApp lacks false content. https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2026/10/12/canal-de-apoyo-a-lula-en-whatsapp-carece-de-contenidos-falsos/


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