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Panama


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PANAMA ---------------------------4620NEWS STORY

Panamá pone a prueba su compromiso con los bosques y los ríos

Cinco iniciativas legislativas buscan responder a amenazas ambientales que afectan los ecosistemas, las ciudades y los recursos hídricos.

Proteger un ecosistema exige más que conservar un área verde en el mapa. También requiere controlar lo que ocurre a su alrededor: cómo crecen las ciudades, qué especies se plantan en las calles, qué residuos circulan por los ríos y cómo se administran las cuencas que abastecen de agua a comunidades y actividades productivas. En Panamá, cinco iniciativas legislativas ponen distintos aspectos de ese desafío sobre la mesa y plantean nuevas herramientas para gestionar el patrimonio natural del país.

Las propuestas abarcan escenarios muy diferentes, pero comparten una cuestión de fondo: la conservación depende de decisiones que conecten el territorio, la infraestructura y la actividad humana. Su avance en la Asamblea Nacional abre una oportunidad para revisar cómo se protegen los recursos naturales y qué mecanismos pueden convertir los objetivos ambientales en resultados verificables.

La conservación también empieza dentro de las ciudades

Uno de los frentes de discusión es un bosque situado en el corregimiento de Ancón, en un sector colindante con Villa de las Fuentes, cerca de Betania. El Anteproyecto de Ley 178 propone otorgarle la categoría de área protegida. Entre los objetivos señalados está preservar el entorno natural vinculado al río Curundú, cuya protección forma parte de la preocupación por la conservación de las fuentes hídricas en una zona urbana.

La importancia de estos espacios va más allá de su vegetación. Los bosques urbanos pueden proporcionar hábitat a distintas especies, moderar las temperaturas locales y contribuir a la regulación del agua de lluvia. Sin embargo, su permanencia depende de la planificación del suelo y de decisiones que eviten que el crecimiento urbano fragmente o degrade los entornos naturales.

La vegetación en las calles plantea otro reto. El Proyecto de Ley 429 busca establecer reglas para la siembra de árboles debajo de tendidos eléctricos, incluyendo criterios de selección, planificación y posibles sanciones. Elegir especies adecuadas para cada espacio puede reducir conflictos con la infraestructura, evitar podas recurrentes y favorecer un arbolado urbano más seguro y duradero. La cuestión no consiste únicamente en plantar más árboles, sino en escogerlos y mantenerlos de forma responsable.

A escala comunitaria, el Proyecto de Ley 727 propone crear bosques corregimentales, una figura que acercaría la conservación a las divisiones administrativas locales. Su desarrollo podría abrir espacios para que las comunidades participen en la protección de áreas boscosas, aunque su alcance dependerá del contenido definitivo de la propuesta, de la coordinación institucional y de los recursos disponibles para aplicarla.

De los residuos en los ríos a la gestión de las cuencas

La contaminación fluvial constituye otro de los problemas que las iniciativas buscan abordar. Cuando los residuos sólidos llegan a un cauce, pueden desplazarse con la corriente y terminar en estuarios, costas y ecosistemas marinos. Por eso, actuar antes de que la basura alcance el mar puede complementar las labores de limpieza y prevención en tierra.

El Proyecto de Ley 192 propone promover el uso de biobardas en ríos y desembocaduras marinas. Estas barreras flotantes están diseñadas para interceptar determinados residuos que transporta el agua y facilitar su recolección. La propuesta contempla la participación de entidades públicas, empresas, organizaciones y comunidades, además de posibles incentivos fiscales sujetos a requisitos.

Las biobardas, sin embargo, no sustituyen la reducción de residuos en su origen ni una gestión adecuada de la basura. Para que sean útiles, necesitan mantenimiento, retiro oportuno de los materiales capturados y una disposición final apropiada. Su eficacia también depende de las características del río y de las condiciones del lugar donde se instalen. Sin esos elementos, una barrera puede convertirse en una solución incompleta frente a un problema que comienza mucho antes de que los desechos entren al agua.

La gestión de las cuencas representa una escala todavía más amplia. El Proyecto de Ley 590 propone modificar la Ley 44 de 2002, que establece el régimen administrativo para el manejo, la protección y la conservación de las cuencas hidrográficas panameñas. Actualizar este marco normativo podría influir en la forma en que se coordinan las instituciones y se toman decisiones sobre territorios donde convergen el abastecimiento de agua, la conservación y las actividades económicas.

Una cuenca no funciona como una serie de espacios aislados: lo que sucede en sus partes altas puede repercutir aguas abajo. La pérdida de cobertura vegetal, la erosión, la ocupación desordenada del territorio y la contaminación pueden afectar tanto la calidad como la disponibilidad del agua. Por eso, la protección efectiva exige coordinación entre las autoridades, las comunidades y quienes utilizan los recursos de la cuenca.

El reto de pasar de las propuestas a la acción

Según la información publicada por la Asamblea Nacional el 6 de octubre de 2026, el Anteproyecto 178 fue acogido por la Comisión de Población, Ambiente y Desarrollo, mientras que los proyectos 429 y 727 fueron remitidos a subcomisiones para su análisis. Los proyectos 192 y 590 recibieron aprobación en primer debate. Estos avances no significan que las cinco iniciativas sean leyes vigentes: deben continuar el trámite legislativo que corresponda.

La diferencia entre aprobar una propuesta y lograr un cambio ambiental es decisiva. La aplicación de nuevas reglas requiere responsabilidades bien definidas, financiación, seguimiento y mecanismos para evaluar si las medidas funcionan. En el caso de las barreras para residuos, por ejemplo, el resultado debería medirse por la cantidad de desechos retirados y la continuidad del mantenimiento; en el manejo de bosques y cuencas, por la protección efectiva de los territorios y la calidad de los recursos hídricos.

La conservación también tiene implicaciones para el futuro del turismo panameño. Los bosques, los ríos y las costas sostienen paisajes y experiencias que atraen visitantes, desde la naturaleza cercana a la capital hasta los destinos costeros. Protegerlos no garantiza por sí solo un turismo sostenible, pero sí contribuye a preservar parte de los recursos naturales de los que depende.

Las cinco iniciativas sitúan sobre la mesa asuntos distintos que necesitan respuestas coordinadas. Su importancia no se medirá únicamente por el número de proyectos que avancen en el Parlamento, sino por la capacidad de las normas resultantes para proteger los ecosistemas, prevenir la contaminación y mejorar la gestión del territorio a largo plazo.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 10/9/2026 2:26:51 PM


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References:
Asamblea Nacional de Panamá. (2026, 6 de octubre). Proyectos ambientales reciben aprobación en Comisión de Población y Ambiente. https://www.asamblea.gob.pa/Noticias/Noticias/PROYECTOS-AMBIENTALES-RECIBEN-APROBACION-EN-COMISION-DE-POBLACION-Y-AMBIENTE
Hernández, A. (2026, 7 de octubre). Cinco proyectos ambientales avanzan en Panamá con nuevas reglas para proteger ecosistemas. Infobae. https://www.infobae.com/panama/2026/10/07/cinco-proyectos-ambientales-avanzan-en-panama-con-nuevas-reglas-para-proteger-ecosistemas/


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