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As atividades ao ar livre podem aumentar a exposição a carrapatos em áreas florestais, rurais e com vegetação densa nos Estados Unidos. Photo Credit: Kamaji Ogino / Pexels.


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NORTH AMERICA ---------------------------4598ADVISORY

Carrapatos-estrela solitária estão se espalhando: o que os viajantes precisam saber

As picadas podem transmitir doenças e desencadear uma alergia potencialmente grave à carne e a outros produtos de mamíferos.

Os viajantes que planejam fazer trilhas, acampar, observar a vida selvagem ou realizar outras atividades ao ar livre em diferentes regiões dos Estados Unidos devem conhecer a presença do carrapato-estrela solitária, uma espécie que pode representar um risco para pessoas que passam tempo em áreas florestais, rurais e com vegetação densa. A espécie está amplamente distribuída pelo nordeste, sul e centro do país, e sua presença tem recebido crescente atenção das autoridades de saúde.

O carrapato-estrela solitária, cujo nome científico é Amblyomma americanum, recebe esse nome pela característica mancha branca presente no dorso da fêmea adulta. Diferentemente de algumas espécies que permanecem imóveis à espera da passagem de um hospedeiro, esse carrapato pode se deslocar ativamente em direção a pessoas e animais. Tanto as ninfas quanto as fêmeas adultas podem picar seres humanos.

Uma picada pode ter consequências tardias

Uma das principais preocupações relacionadas a essa espécie é a síndrome alfa-gal, uma alergia que pode se desenvolver após uma picada de carrapato. O alfa-gal é uma molécula de açúcar encontrada na maioria dos mamíferos, mas não nos seres humanos.

Em algumas pessoas, uma picada pode provocar uma sensibilização que posteriormente desencadeia reações alérgicas após o consumo de carne de mamíferos ou de outros produtos derivados desses animais. Uma característica especialmente importante para os viajantes é que as reações não necessariamente aparecem imediatamente após a refeição. Os sintomas podem surgir várias horas depois, dificultando a associação com um alimento específico ou com uma picada ocorrida durante uma viagem.

As manifestações podem incluir urticária, inchaço, problemas gastrointestinais e dificuldade para respirar. Em casos graves, pode ocorrer anafilaxia, uma reação potencialmente fatal que exige atendimento médico imediato. Os Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos (CDC) estimam que centenas de milhares de pessoas no país possam ser afetadas pela síndrome alfa-gal, embora o número exato ainda seja difícil de determinar.

Para um viajante, isso significa que uma picada pode passar despercebida durante uma caminhada, uma noite de acampamento ou uma visita a uma área rural, enquanto suas consequências podem aparecer posteriormente, inclusive depois que a pessoa já voltou para casa.

Medidas simples podem reduzir o risco

A possibilidade de encontrar carrapatos não significa que os viajantes devam evitar atividades ao ar livre. As medidas preventivas recomendadas pelos CDC incluem o uso de repelentes registrados pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (EPA), como os que contêm DEET ou picaridina, além do uso de roupas e equipamentos tratados com permetrina a 0,5%, quando apropriado.

Também é útil usar calças compridas e roupas que reduzam a quantidade de pele exposta, especialmente ao caminhar por áreas com grama alta, arbustos ou vegetação densa. Depois de permanecer ao ar livre, os viajantes devem verificar cuidadosamente o corpo, as roupas, as mochilas e outros equipamentos. Tomar banho depois de retornar pode ajudar a remover carrapatos que ainda não tenham se fixado à pele.

As inspeções são especialmente importantes depois de atividades em florestas, trilhas, parques rurais e outras áreas onde os carrapatos podem estar presentes. Se um carrapato for encontrado preso à pele, removê-lo rapidamente e de maneira adequada pode reduzir o risco de algumas doenças transmitidas por esses animais.

Para quem percorre os Estados Unidos de carro, visita parques naturais ou realiza atividades relacionadas à natureza, incorporar a verificação de carrapatos à rotina depois de cada atividade é uma medida simples de segurança. Saber onde eles podem estar presentes e adotar precauções básicas permite aproveitar os espaços naturais sem transformar uma caminhada ou uma noite de acampamento em um risco desnecessário.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 10/5/2026 8:35:29 AM


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References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2026). About alpha-gal syndrome.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2026). Managing alpha-gal syndrome.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2026). Lone star tick surveillance.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2026). Where ticks live.
Los Angeles Times. (2026, October 4). How the aggressive lone star tick unleashed a hidden meat allergy on millions of Americans.


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