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Las Playas Intaglio demonstra como as paisagens desérticas do Arizona podem preservar milhares de anos de história indígena ao lado da infraestrutura moderna.
Photo Credit: Robert So / Pexels



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HEMISPHERE ---------------------------4569NEWS STORY

Um geoglifo ancestral do Arizona é danificado durante a construção do muro fronteiriço

Um sítio indígena de pelo menos 6.500 anos levanta novas questões sobre patrimônio e infraestrutura

Em meio ao deserto de Sonora, a paisagem pode parecer intocada por quilômetros: rochas vulcânicas escuras, solo claro e um horizonte que se estende em direção à fronteira entre o Arizona e o México. No entanto, sob essa aparência de território remoto existem vestígios de atividade humana que remontam a milhares de anos.

Um deles é o Las Playas Intaglio, um enorme geoglifo em forma de peixe localizado no que hoje é o Refúgio Nacional de Vida Selvagem Cabeza Prieta, no sudoeste do Arizona. O sítio sofreu danos parciais em abril de 2026, quando máquinas pesadas utilizadas na construção de uma segunda barreira fronteiriça atravessaram parte da antiga figura.

Naquele momento, os arqueólogos calculavam que o geoglifo tinha aproximadamente 1.000 anos. Novas pesquisas publicadas em setembro mudaram consideravelmente essa estimativa. Os pesquisadores calculam agora que Las Playas foi criado há pelo menos 6.500 anos e possivelmente há até 7.500 anos, o que o tornaria o geoglifo cientificamente datado mais antigo conhecido nas Américas.

Uma paisagem que também é um registro cultural

O Las Playas Intaglio não é simplesmente uma figura incomum sobre o solo do deserto. Ele está localizado em terras ancestrais do povo Tohono O’odham e é considerado um sítio cultural sagrado. Os intaglios são criados removendo a camada escura da superfície do deserto para revelar o material mais claro abaixo, formando figuras que podem ser vistas com maior clareza a partir de certa altura.

De acordo com a documentação arqueológica, a figura em forma de peixe originalmente se estendia por mais de 60 metros. Em abril, as máquinas de construção atravessaram uma seção do geoglifo e deixaram uma ampla área alterada em parte da figura.

A Agência de Alfândega e Proteção de Fronteiras dos Estados Unidos reconheceu que um contratado danificou inadvertidamente o sítio cultural. A agência informou que a parte restante foi protegida e que seriam adotadas medidas para preservar o local enquanto os protocolos de construção e comunicação eram revisados.

Mais antigo que Stonehenge

A nova datação coloca o sítio em uma etapa muito antiga da história da arte humana. Os pesquisadores estimam que o geoglifo foi criado aproximadamente 1.500 anos antes das primeiras construções de Stonehenge e cerca de 2.000 anos antes das primeiras pirâmides do Egito. Ele também é vários milhares de anos mais antigo que as famosas Linhas de Nazca, no Peru.

Os pesquisadores chegaram a essa nova estimativa por meio da análise de amostras de rocha coletadas no local décadas atrás e utilizando uma técnica conhecida como datação por microlaminação do verniz rochoso. O método examina as camadas microscópicas de verniz que se acumulam sobre as superfícies rochosas depois que o solo é alterado.

Três amostras produziram uma idade conservadora de aproximadamente 6.500 a 7.300 anos, embora os pesquisadores observem que a própria obra possa ser ainda mais antiga.

A descoberta também demonstra por que as paisagens desérticas podem ser enganosas para os visitantes. Um território que parece vazio ou sem alterações pode conter evidências arqueológicas praticamente invisíveis do nível do solo. No sudoeste dos Estados Unidos, o próprio deserto funciona em muitos lugares como um arquivo da atividade humana.

O que isso significa para os viajantes

Las Playas não é apresentado como uma atração turística convencional, e sua localização dentro de um refúgio nacional de vida selvagem significa que a conservação deve ter prioridade sobre a visitação. Sua importância para o turismo está em outro aspecto: demonstra como o patrimônio cultural pode coexistir com paisagens que atraem cada vez mais viajantes interessados em natureza e atividades ao ar livre.

Os desertos do Arizona abrigam numerosos sítios arqueológicos e culturais, incluindo outros antigos intaglios. O Bureau of Land Management, por exemplo, administra os Blythe Intaglios, no oeste do Arizona, onde podem ser observadas grandes figuras humanas e animais. A agência informa que essas representações estão relacionadas a tradições indígenas e são melhor observadas a partir do ar.

Para os viajantes, esse contexto mais amplo reforça uma ideia importante: visitar paisagens desérticas não significa apenas contemplar o cenário. O território pode conter lugares sagrados, evidências arqueológicas, habitats de animais e tradições culturais que continuam sendo importantes para as comunidades indígenas atuais.

Uma paisagem fronteiriça com muitas camadas de história

O Las Playas Intaglio também faz parte de uma discussão mais ampla sobre infraestrutura nas regiões de fronteira. A construção de barreiras afetou áreas onde interesses ambientais, arqueológicos e culturais se sobrepõem. A Nação Tohono O’odham e organizações de conservação manifestaram preocupações sobre outras obras próximas a locais culturalmente significativos, incluindo Quitobaquito Springs, no Monumento Nacional Organ Pipe Cactus.

O caso de Las Playas já mudou a maneira como os pesquisadores compreendem o sítio. O que antes era considerado um geoglifo antigo, mas relativamente recente, agora é considerado pelos pesquisadores um exemplo excepcionalmente antigo de modificação humana da paisagem.

O dano também não pode ser solucionado simplesmente reconstruindo as linhas ou recolocando material sobre a superfície. As informações arqueológicas preservadas no terreno original fazem parte do que torna o sítio significativo.

Para os viajantes da Ruta Pantera, a história oferece um lembrete: alguns dos lugares mais importantes das Américas não necessariamente possuem centros de visitantes, trilhas sinalizadas ou grandes placas. Eles podem estar em paisagens remotas onde história, cultura indígena e ambiente natural fazem parte de uma mesma realidade.

Las Playas e o futuro do turismo de patrimônio

As novas pesquisas não transformam Las Playas em um destino turístico convencional. Em vez disso, destacam um desafio mais amplo para as viagens pelas Américas: como conhecer paisagens extraordinárias sem tratá-las como espaços vazios.

À medida que cresce o interesse pelo turismo no deserto, pelo patrimônio indígena e pelas experiências ao ar livre, compreender a história cultural desses territórios torna-se parte de uma forma responsável de viajar. No Arizona, a história de Las Playas demonstra que o deserto pode preservar durante milênios evidências da criatividade humana, mas sua conservação depende de reconhecer o que existe antes de modificar o terreno.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 9/30/2026 10:31:33 AM


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--rutapantera.com--
References:
NBC News. (2026, 29 de setembro). Trump's Border Wall Construction Cut Into an Ancient Ground Carving Older Than Stonehenge.
Arizona Public Media. (2026, 24 de setembro). An Archaeological Site Damaged by Border Wall Construction Is Much Older Than First Thought.
Archaeology Magazine. (2026, 4 de maio). Las Playas Intaglio Damaged by Border Wall Construction in Arizona.
KJZZ. (2026, 25 de setembro). Ancient Site Damaged by Border Wall Construction Oldest Such Carving in Americas, Research Shows.
Bureau of Land Management. (s. f.). Blythe Intaglios.


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