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O descobrimento de Minanbé constitui uma das mais importantes descobertas arqueológicas realizadas recentemente no México. A antiga cidade oferece novas evidências sobre o desenvolvimento da civilização maia e reforça o valor da Reserva da Biosfera de Calakmul como um dos mais importantes patrimônios naturais e culturais das Américas. Imagem ilustrativa: Tim Mossholder, Pexels.


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Descobrem Minanbé, uma cidade maia inexplorada na selva de Campeche

A descoberta traz novas evidências sobre a expansão da civilização maia em Campeche.

A descoberta de uma antiga cidade maia escondida na densa selva do estado de Campeche está ampliando o conhecimento sobre uma das civilizações mais extraordinárias das Américas. Batizada de Minanbé, expressão do maia iucateque que significa “não há caminho”, a cidade permaneceu protegida durante séculos pelo isolamento da Reserva da Biosfera de Calakmul, uma das áreas naturais mais importantes do México. Seu excepcional estado de conservação transforma o sítio em uma das descobertas arqueológicas mais relevantes dos últimos anos e oferece novas oportunidades para compreender a organização política, econômica e cerimonial do mundo maia.

A descoberta foi realizada por uma equipe internacional de pesquisadores liderada pelo arqueólogo Ivan Šprajc, do Centro de Pesquisa da Academia Eslovena de Ciências e Artes, em colaboração com especialistas mexicanos e com autorização do Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e História (INAH). A expedição faz parte de um projeto científico desenvolvido ao longo de várias décadas para estudar antigas cidades ocultas nas Terras Baixas Maias Centrais, uma região que ainda preserva importantes vestígios sob a vegetação tropical.

Minanbé está localizada no norte da Reserva da Biosfera de Calakmul, um território protegido que abrange mais de 723 mil hectares de floresta e foi inscrito pela UNESCO como Patrimônio Mundial devido à sua extraordinária riqueza natural e cultural. A reserva abriga uma das maiores extensões de floresta tropical da Mesoamérica e é habitat de espécies emblemáticas como a onça-pintada, a anta e o bugio, além de dezenas de antigos assentamentos maias que permanecem parcialmente escondidos pela vegetação.

O acesso à cidade representou um grande desafio para os pesquisadores. Depois de percorrer vários quilômetros em veículos com tração nas quatro rodas, a equipe prosseguiu a expedição a pé através de uma selva praticamente impenetrável, abrindo caminho entre árvores e vegetação densa. Essa dificuldade inspirou o nome Minanbé e, ao mesmo tempo, permitiu que o sítio permanecesse praticamente livre de saques, uma situação incomum em importantes áreas arqueológicas da Mesoamérica.

Os estudos preliminares indicam que o núcleo monumental ocupa cerca de 15 hectares e preserva uma significativa concentração de edifícios cerimoniais e administrativos. Entre eles destaca-se uma pirâmide com mais de 13 metros de altura, construída segundo características do estilo arquitetônico Río Bec, além de praças, plataformas, pátios e uma calçada que conectava diferentes setores da cidade. Essas estruturas demonstram que Minanbé foi um assentamento de grande importância dentro da rede política e comercial do período Clássico.

Uma das descobertas mais relevantes foi o registro de 14 estelas e altares de pedra. Várias dessas peças preservam inscrições hieroglíficas que poderão fornecer novas informações sobre governantes, acontecimentos políticos e cerimônias religiosas realizadas há mais de mil anos. Entre elas destaca-se uma estela que representa uma cena de decapitação ritual, prática associada ao simbolismo do poder e às complexas crenças religiosas da civilização maia.

As evidências arqueológicas indicam que Minanbé atingiu seu maior desenvolvimento entre os anos 600 e 900 d.C., durante o período Clássico Tardio. Naquela época, cidades como Calakmul, Tikal, Palenque e Copán dominavam amplas regiões da Mesoamérica por meio de alianças políticas, redes comerciais e conflitos militares. A nova descoberta permitirá compreender com maior precisão como os centros urbanos menores interagiam com essas grandes capitais e qual era seu papel na organização regional.

A pesquisa também demonstra o impacto das novas tecnologias na arqueologia moderna. Os especialistas utilizaram imagens obtidas por meio de sistemas de escaneamento LiDAR, uma tecnologia a laser capaz de detectar construções ocultas sob a vegetação. Na última década, essa ferramenta revolucionou o estudo do mundo maia ao revelar milhares de plataformas, estradas, terraços agrícolas e edifícios que permaneciam invisíveis a partir do solo, modificando a compreensão sobre o tamanho e a complexidade dessas antigas cidades.

A descoberta de Minanbé também possui grande valor para o patrimônio cultural e o turismo do México. De acordo com o INAH, o país possui mais de 55 mil sítios arqueológicos registrados, embora apenas uma pequena parcela esteja aberta à visitação pública. As zonas arqueológicas figuram entre os principais atrativos do turismo cultural mexicano e recebem milhões de visitantes todos os anos, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento econômico de inúmeras comunidades e para o fortalecimento dos programas de preservação do patrimônio histórico.

Os arqueólogos consideram que as pesquisas estão apenas começando. Futuras escavações permitirão estudar habitações, sistemas de captação de água, espaços cerimoniais e novas inscrições que poderão revelar aspectos ainda desconhecidos sobre o cotidiano, a administração do território e as relações políticas entre diferentes cidades maias. Cada nova evidência contribuirá para reconstruir uma história que permaneceu escondida sob a selva por mais de um milênio.

Mais do que uma importante descoberta científica, Minanbé demonstra que a selva de Campeche continua preservando alguns dos capítulos mais fascinantes da história das Américas. O excepcional estado de conservação do sítio confirma que ainda existem importantes descobertas a serem realizadas e reforça o compromisso do México com a pesquisa, a proteção do patrimônio arqueológico e a conservação de um dos legados culturais mais valiosos do continente. A descoberta não apenas amplia o conhecimento sobre a civilização maia, como também lembra que ainda restam importantes páginas da história esperando para serem reveladas.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 7/8/2026 12:27:57 PM

×
References:
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). (2026). Bautizan como Minanbé, “No Hay Camino”, a ciudad maya virgen al norte de la Biosfera de Calakmul.
UNESCO. (2025). Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche.
Secretaría de Cultura de México. (2026). Descubrimiento arqueológico de Minanbé y exploraciones en Calakmul.


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