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Brazil
BRAZIL ----------------------------------------2034NEWS STORY

El Congreso de Brasil aprueba una ley que reduce las penas por el intento de golpe de Estado y beneficia a Bolsonaro

La nueva norma reabre el debate sobre las penas por delitos contra la democracia.

El Congreso Nacional de Brasil aprobó una controvertida reforma legal que modifica los criterios para la imposición de penas, lo que podría conducir a una reducción significativa de las condenas de prisión impuestas a Jair Bolsonaro y a decenas de personas condenadas por su participación en el intento de golpe de Estado del 8 de enero de 2023, cuando seguidores del expresidente asaltaron las sedes de los tres poderes del Estado en Brasilia.

La nueva ley establece que, cuando una persona sea condenada por varios delitos derivados de un mismo hecho, los jueces deberán priorizar el delito más grave al momento de determinar la pena, evitando la acumulación de condenas extensas. Además, reduce el tiempo mínimo que los condenados deben cumplir en régimen cerrado antes de poder acceder a beneficios como el régimen semiabierto o la prisión domiciliaria.

En el caso de Bolsonaro, condenado a más de 27 años de prisión por delitos vinculados a la conspiración golpista, la aplicación de las nuevas normas podría acortar de forma sustancial el tiempo que efectivamente pasaría tras las rejas, dependiendo de la interpretación judicial. La medida también podría beneficiar a exfuncionarios, militares retirados y civiles involucrados en la planificación o ejecución de los hechos.

La aprobación de la ley generó reacciones inmediatas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Organizaciones de derechos humanos, expertos legales y sectores de la sociedad civil advirtieron que la reforma podría debilitar los esfuerzos para combatir la impunidad y sentar un precedente preocupante en la defensa de las instituciones democráticas. No obstante, los defensores del proyecto sostienen que busca corregir penas consideradas desproporcionadas y alinear el sistema penal brasileño con los principios de proporcionalidad y debido proceso.

El texto legal queda ahora a la espera de una decisión del presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, quien puede sancionarlo o ejercer un veto total o parcial. Al mismo tiempo, se espera que el Supremo Tribunal Federal de Brasil examine posibles impugnaciones constitucionales, lo que podría determinar en última instancia el futuro de la ley y su impacto real sobre los condenados por el intento de golpe de Estado.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 12/18/2025 5:22:34 AM

×
References:
Referencias Infobae – El Congreso de Brasil aprobó una ley que recorta la condena a Bolsonaro y los implicados en el intento de golpe de Estado Reuters – Brazil Senate approves bill that could reduce Bolsonaro’s sentence El País América – Brasil aprueba una ley que rebaja las penas a los condenados por el asalto a los poderes del Estado Prensa Latina – Reacciones en Brasil tras la aprobación de una ley que beneficia a los implicados en el intento de golpe


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