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Costa Rica
COSTA RICA ------------------------------------1983TRIP IDEAS

La Resiliencia se Construye en Costa Rica

Donde la diversidad se entrelaza con la naturaleza y la lucha por la igualdad.

In el corazón de Centroamérica, Costa Rica se erige no solo como un paraíso de biodiversidad y ecoturismo, sino también como un faro de progreso para la comunidad LGBTQ+. Conocido por su lema “pura vida”, que encapsula una filosofía de simplicidad y armonía, el país ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas hasta convertirse en un refugio para las voces queer que, a pesar de los obstáculos persistentes, están forjando caminos de resiliencia y empoderamiento. Esta transformación no es una coincidencia: surge de un tejido social donde activistas, comunidades locales y políticas inclusivas convergen para desafiar normas conservadoras profundamente arraigadas en la región.

La resiliencia queer en Costa Rica se despliega en múltiples capas, desde el activismo de base hasta el turismo inclusivo que atrae visitantes de todo el mundo. En un contexto regional marcado por la discriminación y la violencia, el país destaca por su capacidad de transformar la adversidad en oportunidades de crecimiento colectivo. Personas queer han liderado iniciativas que no solo defienden derechos básicos, sino que también enriquecen el panorama cultural y económico, demostrando que la diversidad es un motor de innovación y sostenibilidad.

Avances legales en la igualdad matrimonial

El hito más emblemático de esta narrativa fue la legalización del matrimonio igualitario en mayo de 2020, convirtiendo a Costa Rica en el primer país de Centroamérica en reconocerlo. Esta victoria no ocurrió de la noche a la mañana; fue el resultado de años de incidencia impulsada por organizaciones locales e internacionales. La Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia declaró inconstitucional la prohibición previa, respondiendo a una opinión consultiva de 2018 de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, que instó a los países signatarios del Pacto de San José a garantizar la igualdad matrimonial. Este fallo no solo abrió las puertas a miles de parejas del mismo sexo, sino que también simbolizó un rechazo a la discriminación institucionalizada, fomentando un entorno donde las familias queer pueden prosperar sin temor a la exclusión legal.

Sin embargo, la resiliencia va más allá de la legislación. En un país donde el catolicismo y las tradiciones conservadoras aún influyen en la sociedad, las comunidades queer han enfrentado resistencia cultural y política. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, por ejemplo, las celebraciones del matrimonio igualitario se pospusieron, pero el impulso no se desvaneció. Parejas como Alexandra Quirós y Dunia Araya, que se casaron en las primeras horas tras la entrada en vigor de la ley, inspiraron a toda una generación a reclamar su espacio. Estos avances han posicionado a Costa Rica entre los 10 países más amigables con la comunidad LGBTQ+ en América Latina según índices globales, atrayendo a turistas queer que buscan no solo playas y selvas, sino también un sentido de pertenencia.

Activismo y comunidad en acción

Dentro de este entramado de resiliencia, figuras y colectivos clave destacan por amplificar voces marginadas. Epsy Campbell Barr, ex vicepresidenta de Costa Rica y una de las primeras mujeres afrodescendientes en ocupar un cargo tan alto en América Latina, ha sido una aliada crucial en la promoción de los derechos queer. Su liderazgo en políticas inclusivas, combinado con su herencia cultural, pone de relieve cómo las intersecciones de género, raza y orientación sexual fortalecen los movimientos sociales. Campbell ha enfatizado que la igualdad no es un lujo, sino un pilar de una sociedad resiliente, especialmente en tiempos de crisis como la migración forzada o los desastres naturales, donde las personas queer suelen enfrentar una vulnerabilidad agravada.

Organizaciones como Casa de la Diversidad en San José desempeñan un papel fundamental en este proceso. Este centro comunitario ofrece talleres, grupos de apoyo y campañas contra la discriminación, funcionando como un espacio seguro para personas trans y no binarias que, en Costa Rica, aún luchan por el pleno reconocimiento legal de su identidad de género. Si bien el país ha avanzado en protecciones contra la discriminación laboral y en el acceso a vivienda para personas trans, persisten desafíos, particularmente en el acceso a una atención de salud integral, incluidos tratamientos hormonales y cirugías de afirmación de género. Aquí, la resiliencia se traduce en creatividad: los colectivos queer organizan eventos culturales —desde festivales de arte hasta diálogos intergeneracionales— que no solo educan a la sociedad mayoritaria, sino que también fomentan la solidaridad interna.

El turismo queer surge como otro pilar de esta narrativa. Destinos como Quepos y Manuel Antonio en la costa del Pacífico se han convertido en núcleos inclusivos, donde playas como Espadilla atraen a visitantes LGBTQ+ que buscan relajación y conexión. Retiros como Gay Surf Week, que combinan el surf con el bienestar, no solo impulsan la economía local —creando empleos en hotelería y guianza turística—, sino que también construyen redes globales de apoyo. Estos espacios permiten que las voces queer locales interactúen con perspectivas internacionales, enriqueciendo las estrategias de resiliencia. Por ejemplo, activistas costarricenses han colaborado con organizaciones como ILGALAC (la rama latinoamericana de la Asociación Internacional de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans e Intersex) para impulsar reformas regionales, inspirando a países vecinos como Nicaragua y Honduras, donde las comunidades LGBTQ+ enfrentan represión estatal.

Esta interconexión subraya un punto clave: la resiliencia queer en Costa Rica no está aislada, sino que forma parte de un movimiento más amplio en el Sur Global. Frente a amenazas como el cambio climático —que afecta de manera desproporcionada a las comunidades vulnerables— y el auge de discursos conservadores, las voces queer han adoptado enfoques innovadores como el queer placemaking, transformando espacios públicos en zonas de visibilidad y celebración. Eventos como la Marcha de la Diversidad, aunque a veces controvertidos, han evolucionado para incluir temas de justicia ambiental y migrante, demostrando cómo la identidad queer se entrelaza con las luchas colectivas.

Hacia un futuro inclusivo

La trayectoria de Costa Rica ilustra que la resiliencia no es mera supervivencia, sino una fuerza transformadora. Al priorizar la inclusión, el país no solo mejora la calidad de vida de su población queer, sino que también fortalece su atractivo como destino emergente. Aun así, persisten desafíos: combatir la violencia transfóbica, ampliar la educación inclusiva en las escuelas y garantizar que las políticas se implementen de manera efectiva en las zonas rurales, donde el conservadurismo es más profundo. Las voces queer, a través de la persistencia y la creatividad, continúan liderando este camino, recordándonos que la verdadera “pura vida” se construye sobre la equidad y el respeto mutuo.

En un mundo donde la discriminación persiste, Costa Rica ofrece valiosas lecciones: cuando las comunidades marginadas son empoderadas, no solo resisten, sino que reinventan sociedades enteras. Para quienes buscan destinos que combinen aventura con propósito, este país centroamericano invita a reflexionar sobre cómo cada voz queer contribuye a un tejido social más fuerte y vibrante.

By Jazmin Agudelo for Ruta Pantera on 1/14/2026 12:03:51 PM

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