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World
WORLD ----------------------------------------1830NEWS STORY

Latinoamérica enfrenta la factura: China cambia de estrategia y exige pagos en plena reducción de créditos

Fin del financiamiento generoso mientras Pekín presiona a sus mayores deudores

China dejó atrás su política de préstamos abundantes en América Latina. Después de casi dos décadas en las que financió represas, carreteras, centrales eléctricas y proyectos de infraestructura estratégica en la región, Pekín cambió de rumbo: ahora prioriza la recuperación de fondos y la renegociación de obligaciones antes que abrir nuevas líneas de crédito.

Este giro ocurre tras años en los que América Latina se benefició de una entrada masiva de capital chino, especialmente en momentos en los que organismos multilaterales o mercados tradicionales imponían condiciones estrictas. Según diversos análisis, entre 2005 y 2022 China destinó más de 130.000 millones de dólares en préstamos a la región. Ese flujo, sin embargo, se ha ralentizado hasta casi detenerse, dejando a los países deudores con compromisos significativos en un contexto internacional más incierto.

Venezuela se mantiene como el caso más extremo: acumula alrededor de 60.000 millones de dólares en deuda con bancos estatales chinos, resultado de múltiples acuerdos respaldados por petróleo. El país ha renegociado varias veces y aún enfrenta dificultades para normalizar pagos.

Brasil, aunque con mayor solidez económica, también figura entre los principales deudores, con montos superiores a 32.000 millones de dólares utilizados para infraestructura energética y logística. Ecuador, tras reestructuraciones recientes, mantiene obligaciones por cerca de 11.800 millones, muchas de ellas vinculadas a proyectos petroleros. Argentina adeuda más de 7.700 millones en líneas diversas, mientras que Bolivia supera los 3.000 millones en créditos asociados a electricidad y transporte.

El repliegue chino está motivado por varios factores: una economía doméstica que crece con menos fuerza, el aumento del riesgo crediticio global y las dificultades de algunos países latinoamericanos para cumplir plazos o generar ingresos suficientes para sostener la deuda. Con este nuevo escenario, China adopta una postura más prudente, exige revisar cronogramas y centra sus esfuerzos en gestionar los compromisos existentes.

Para la región, el fin de los grandes préstamos implica desafíos inmediatos. Los gobiernos deberán buscar financiamiento alternativo, ajustar presupuestos y replantear proyectos de infraestructura que dependían de capital chino. Además, la renegociación de deudas podría generar tensiones fiscales en países con economías frágiles.

Mientras China reorganiza su política exterior financiera, América Latina entra en una etapa de mayor cautela, obligada a equilibrar sus presupuestos y diversificar sus fuentes de inversión. Lo que antes era un flujo constante de recursos se ha convertido ahora en una relación dominada por compromisos pendientes, condiciones más estrictas y una presión creciente para cumplir con lo pactado.

By Heydi Bernal for Ruta Pantera on 12/5/2025 8:00:25 AM

×
References:
Referencias – Bloomberg Línea, análisis sobre la deuda latinoamericana con China y montos acumulados (2024–2025). – El Colombiano, reportaje sobre países de la región con mayores obligaciones financieras ante China (2024–2025). – France24, especial sobre el impacto global del financiamiento chino en países en desarrollo (2025).

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When: August 31 – September 7, 2025
Where: Brasília, Brazil
Why go: For the first time ever, this martial arts world championship comes to South America.
Travel angle: A chance to experience world-class sports while exploring Brasília’s UNESCO-listed modernist architecture.

2. Premios Juventud 2025 -----View Details
When: September 25, 2025
Where: Panama City, Panama
Cultural relevance: A glamorous celebration of Latin pop and youth culture, featuring leading Spanish-language artists.
Travel angle: Panama is positioning itself as a cultural hub in Central America; visitors can also enjoy Casco Viejo, the Panama Canal, and vibrant nightlife.

3. FIT – International Tourism Fair of Latin America -----View Details
When: September 27 – 30, 2025
Where: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Why it matters: The largest tourism trade fair in Latin America, featuring exhibitors from more than 50 countries.
Travel angle: Beyond the expo, Buenos Aires shines with tango performances, gastronomy showcases, and cultural exhibitions.

4. XII Central American Games -----View Details
When: October 18 – 30, 2025
Where: Guatemala
Importance: The region’s most significant multi-sport event, gathering athletes from across Central America.
Travel angle: A chance to spotlight host cities like Guatemala City, Antigua, and Quetzaltenango, rich in colonial heritage and Mayan culture.


5. Day of the Dead, Mexico -----View Details
When: November 1 – 2, 2025
Where: Nationwide (notably Mexico City, Oaxaca, Michoacán, Puebla)
Cultural value: UNESCO-recognized celebration blending indigenous and Catholic traditions with altars, offerings, and parades.
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Where: Mexico City, Mexico
Highlights: Featuring Foo Fighters, Linkin Park, and Vampire Weekend among others.
Travel angle: More than just a rock and pop festival, it has become a cultural landmark in Mexico City, attracting international tourism.

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Where: United States, Canada, and Europe
Highlights: Parades, costume parties, haunted houses, and themed festivals.
Travel angle: From New York’s Village Parade to Mexico’s Día de Muertos, Halloween merges folklore, art, and imagination.

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When: November 1 – 2, 2025
Where: Nationwide, Mexico
Highlights: Altars adorned with marigolds, candles, and sugar skulls to honor the deceased.
Travel angle: A deeply spiritual and visual celebration of life and memory that defines Mexican identity.

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When: November 14 – 16, 2025
Where: Mexico City, Mexico
Highlights: Featuring Foo Fighters, Linkin Park, and Vampire Weekend among others.
Travel angle: More than just a rock and pop festival, it has become a cultural landmark in Mexico City, attracting international tourism.

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When: November 27, 2025
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11. Art Basel Miami Beach 2025 – Global Art Fair -----View Details
When: December 4 – 7, 2025
Where: Miami Beach, Florida, USA
Highlights: Thousands of artists and collectors showcasing contemporary works and digital installations.
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